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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum

Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum

Published on: April 13, 2018

Cytokine profiling in serum-derived exosomes isolated by different methods.

Hae Hyun Jung¹, Ji-Yeon Kim^2,3, Ji Eun Lim²

¹Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.

Scientific Reports

|August 23, 2020

Summary

Exosome isolation methods impact cytokine profiling for disease biomarkers. Ultracentrifugation and Exoquick are effective for isolating exosomes for cytokine analysis, revealing decreased levels in metastatic breast cancer.

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Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum

Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum

Published on: April 13, 2018

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

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Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

Published on: December 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Oncology

Background:

Exosomes facilitate cell-to-cell signaling and serve as potential disease biomarkers.
Encapsulated cytokines within exosomes can elicit biological responses.
Standardized exosome isolation methods are crucial for reliable cytokine research.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate ultracentrifugation (UC), Exoquick (EQ), and exoEasy for exosome isolation efficiency, purity, and yield.
To assess the suitability of these methods for exosomal cytokine profiling.
To investigate exosomal cytokine alterations in triple-negative breast cancer progression.

Main Methods:

Comparison of three exosome isolation techniques: UC, EQ, and exoEasy.
Assessment of exosome size, particle yield, and purity.
Multiplex cytokine analysis using the ProcartaPlex Immune Monitoring 65-Plex Panel.
Analysis of exosomal cytokine concentrations in triple-negative breast cancer patients at different stages.

Main Results:

UC and EQ yielded exosomes of appropriate size; EQ showed higher extraction efficiency, while UC provided higher purity.
Significant differences in exosomal cytokine profiles were observed based on the isolation method used.
Concentrations of MIP-3 alpha, IL-23, M-CSF, Eotaxin-3, BLC, SDF-1 alpha, IL-2R, MDC, FGF-2, IL-22, and IL-31 were significantly decreased in exosomes from metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.

Conclusions:

Exosome isolation method selection is critical for accurate exosomal cytokine profiling.
UC and EQ are viable methods for exosome isolation in cytokine research.
Decreased levels of specific cytokines in exosomes may indicate breast cancer progression, highlighting their potential as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers.