Potential cardiovascular implications of electronic cigarettes: how evident is the evidence?

With increasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) worldwide, both leisurely and as a smoking cessation aid, the potential health implications of e-cigarettes have generated concerns. Poor oral health associated with e-cigarette use may put additional strain on cardiovascular health. Acute effects of e-cigarette exposure on cardiovascular health are well established. Few studies have demonstrated the long-term cardiovascular implications of using e-cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes may pose less of a threat to vascular function compared to tobacco cigarettes. While further research is necessary for strengthening the available evidence base, the use of e-cigarettes beyond supporting smoking cessation should not be encouraged.