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Quantification of Trauma Center Access Using Geographical Information System-Based Technology.

Suzan Dijkink¹, Robert J Winchell², Pieta Krijnen¹

¹Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

|August 24, 2020

Summary

Optimizing trauma center (TC) distribution is key for efficient emergency care. A geographic information system (GIS) model shows that a well-distributed 2-TC system can maintain access comparable to a 3-TC system, ensuring timely patient transport.

Keywords:

access geographical information system technology traffic flow transport times trauma center trauma system

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Area of Science:

Emergency Medicine
Spatial Analysis
Public Health

Background:

Assessing trauma system access lacks standardized methodologies.
Geographical distribution and number of trauma centers (TCs) significantly impact patient transport times (TT).

Purpose of the Study:

To determine how the number and geographical distribution of TCs influence TT.
To evaluate trauma system accessibility using a geographic information system (GIS) model.

Main Methods:

Simulated 7 scenarios with 1, 2, or 3 TCs in the Netherlands.
Calculated TT and population coverage during rush and low-traffic hours using ArcGIS-PRO.
Analyzed population access within 45 and 15 minutes to the nearest TC.

Main Results:

In all scenarios, 96-99% of the population could reach a TC within 45 minutes.
A 3-TC system allowed 57% of the population to reach a TC within 15 minutes.
A well-distributed 2-TC system yielded similar 15-minute access as the 3-TC scenario, while 1-TC scenarios significantly reduced this access (19-32%).
Average TT remained around 19-21 minutes in 3-TC and well-distributed 2-TC scenarios.
Average TT increased by 5-9 minutes in 1-TC and less-distributed 2-TC scenarios.

Conclusions:

GIS modeling provides an objective method for evaluating trauma system configurations.
Transport times remain acceptable (~20 minutes) even with a reduction to a geographically well-spread 2-TC system.
Strategic placement of TCs is crucial for maintaining efficient patient access to trauma care.