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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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Virus-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Plants.

Huawei Liu1, Baohong Zhang2

  • 1College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|August 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new virus-based method simplifies CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in plants, overcoming limitations of traditional tissue culture. This innovation accelerates plant gene function studies and crop improvement efforts.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9crop improvementgene functiongenome editingvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 is crucial for plant gene function studies and crop improvement.
  • Traditional CRISPR/Cas9 methods rely on time-consuming and genotype-dependent plant tissue culture.
  • Limitations in current delivery systems hinder widespread CRISPR/Cas9 application in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, efficient method for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery into plant cells.
  • To overcome the constraints associated with traditional plant tissue culture for genome editing.
  • To expand the applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant science and agriculture.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a virus-based delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 components.
  • Application of the virus-based system for genome editing in plant cells.
  • Evaluation of the efficiency and scope of the new delivery method.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated a virus-based method for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 into plant cells.
  • The novel method bypasses the need for extensive plant tissue culture.
  • This approach shows potential for broader application in plant genome editing.

Conclusions:

  • The reported virus-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system offers a significant advancement.
  • This method simplifies and accelerates plant genome editing processes.
  • It is expected to further enhance the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 for crop improvement and research.