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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Measurement of Aggregate Cohesion by Tissue Surface Tensiometry
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Arf6 determines tissue architecture by stabilizing intercellular adhesion.

Joshua Greig1, Natalia A Bulgakova1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|August 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The trafficking molecule Arf6 stabilizes cell adhesion complexes, influencing cell shape and tissue architecture. This process, involving Flotillin1, is crucial for tissue remodeling and occurs independently of endocytosis.

Keywords:
Arf6actinadhesioncell shapeendocytosisepithelium

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Correct cell shape is essential for tissue architecture, maintained by cortical actin and cell-cell adhesion.
  • Cell adhesion dynamics are critical for cell shape formation and tissue integrity against forces from actomyosin contractility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the trafficking molecule Arf6 in cell elongation and tissue remodeling.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Arf6 influences cell adhesion and its dependence on other molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the impact of Arf6 on E-cadherin-mediated adhesion complexes.
  • Investigated the interaction between Arf6 and Flotillin1 at the plasma membrane.
  • Examined Arf6 and Flotillin1 functions distinct from clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Main Results:

  • Arf6 directly impacts cell elongation by stabilizing E-cadherin adhesion complexes at the cell surface.
  • Flotillin1 recruits Arf6 to the plasma membrane, mediating its function in adhesion.
  • Arf6 and Flotillin1 operate in a pathway separate from clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Conclusions:

  • Arf6 plays a novel role in regulating cell adhesion dynamics, beyond its known role in endocytosis.
  • The Arf6-Flotillin1 pathway is critical for controlling cell shape and tissue morphogenesis in vivo.
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms provides insights into tissue development and integrity.