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Handouts for Low-Potassium Diets Disproportionately Restrict Fruits and Vegetables.

Kelly Picard1, Melanie Griffiths2, Diana R Mager3

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Current low-potassium diet recommendations for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often restrict plant-based foods. New guidance emphasizes limiting ultraprocessed foods, suggesting a need to update dietary resources for better hyperkalemia management.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Dietary Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Recent publications advocate plant-based diets for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  • Expert summaries highlight potassium additives' impact on total potassium intake.
  • New recommendations focus on ultraprocessed foods for hyperkalemia management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how current low-potassium diet recommendations incorporate new guidance.
  • To assess the alignment of existing dietary resources with emerging evidence on hyperkalemia management in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Geographical review of government health and renal program websites in Canada.
  • Analysis of dietary potassium restriction resources (handouts, booklets, webpages).
  • Inclusion of resources from national agencies in Canada and the United States.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen provincial and 6 national resources were analyzed.
  • Commonly restricted foods include bananas, potatoes, oranges, cantaloupe, and avocados.
  • Most resources recommended restricting fruits, vegetables, dairy, whole grains, and plant-based proteins; potassium additives in ultraprocessed foods were mentioned in only 28%.

Conclusions:

  • Current low-potassium diets predominantly restrict fruits and vegetables.
  • Ultraprocessed foods are the least restricted category, contrasting with new recommendations.
  • Existing resources require updates to align with current evidence for hyperkalemia management in CKD.