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The ELFIN Mission.

V Angelopoulos1,2, E Tsai1,2, L Bingley1,2

  • 1Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

Space Science Reviews
|August 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ELFIN mission uses two CubeSats to study how space weather events cause electrons to precipitate into Earth's atmosphere, revealing the crucial role of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and ionospheric interactions.

Keywords:
AuroralCubeSatEMICElectronEnergetic particle detectorFluxgate magnetometerIonosphereLoss coneMagnetosphereParticle precipitationPitch angle scatteringUCLAVan Allen radiation beltselectromagnetic ion cyclotron waves

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Heliophysics
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • The Electron Loss and Fields Investigation with a Spatio-Temporal Ambiguity-Resolving option (ELFIN) mission utilizes two identical 3U CubeSats in a polar, low-Earth orbit.
  • Launched in 2018, ELFIN aims to understand storm-time relativistic electron precipitation, a key space weather phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the mechanism of storm-time relativistic electron precipitation, identifying the role of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves.
  • To differentiate between EMIC wave scattering and other processes responsible for electron precipitation using pitch-angle-resolving capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • ELFIN employs two identical CubeSats with a slowly-variable along-track separation for spatio-temporal ambiguity resolution.
  • Each satellite is equipped with an energetic particle detector (EPDE) for electrons (50 keV–5 MeV) and a fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) for magnetic field waves (DC–5 Hz).
  • Satellites use magnetorquers for attitude control, enabling full pitch-angle resolution twice per spin.

Main Results:

  • ELFIN captures broad energy precipitation events (tens of keV to >1 MeV) and microbursts at dawn and dusk.
  • Observed events show significant backscattered fluxes, indicating the ionosphere's role in modifying magnetospheric electron dynamics.
  • Concurrent wave activity suggests multiple wave species contribute to electron scattering.

Conclusions:

  • The ELFIN mission provides crucial data for understanding relativistic electron precipitation mechanisms.
  • Ionospheric processes significantly influence magnetospheric electron fluxes and wave-particle interactions.
  • ELFIN's data, combined with other missions, will advance the understanding of space weather impacts.