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Related Concept Videos

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.
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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio for the analyte. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.
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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Non-targeted Metabolic Profiling for Disease Detection: Recent Developments.

Xiaoling Zang1, María Eugenia Monge2, Facundo M Fernández1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology and Petit Institute for Biochemistry and Bioscience, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.

Trends in Analytical Chemistry : TRAC
|August 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mass spectrometry (MS) advances non-targeted metabolomics for detecting disease biomarkers. This research highlights recent discoveries for major diseases like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular conditions.

Keywords:
Disease biomarkersdata analysismass spectrometrynon-targeted metabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry (MS) is crucial for identifying disease biomarkers.
  • Accurate quantitative data is essential for analyzing metabolic changes in patients.
  • Non-targeted metabolomics offers a comprehensive approach to studying metabolic profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in MS-based non-targeted metabolomics for disease detection.
  • To summarize identified disease biomarkers for major human diseases.
  • To discuss the methodologies and limitations in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on study cohorts, MS platforms, and statistical analyses.
  • Identification of discriminant metabolites.
  • Review of recent literature on MS-based metabolomics.

Main Results:

  • Recent metabolomic studies have identified potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.
  • Advances in MS technology have improved the quality and accuracy of quantitative metabolomic data.
  • The review synthesizes findings across various disease types and MS platforms.

Conclusions:

  • MS-based non-targeted metabolomics is a powerful tool for biomarker discovery in major human diseases.
  • Continued development in MS technology and analytical methods will enhance diagnostic capabilities.
  • Further research is needed to validate identified biomarkers and address current limitations.