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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
Published on: December 4, 2020
Virus transmission from urinals
Ji-Xiang Wang1, Yun-Yun Li2, Xiang-Dong Liu1
1College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
A virus-laden particle movement from urinal flushing is simulated. Similar to the toilet-induced flushing, results indicate that the trajectory of the particles triggered by the urinal flushing manifests an external spread type. Even more alarmingly, the particle can reach 0.84 m (man's thigh) in 5.5 s when compared with the diffusion performance of the toilet-induced one (around 0.93 m in 35 s). A more violent climbing tendency is discovered in this Letter. Wearing masks should be made mandatory in public washrooms, and anti-diffusion improvements of facilities in public washrooms are urgently needed, especially in the current "SARS-CoV-2" crisis.
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