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A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

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Subcentimetre thyroid nodules: Sonographic features associated with malignancy.

Tian K Woon^1,2, Sarat K Sanamandra³, Parag R Salkade³

¹Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.

Ultrasound (Leeds, England)

|August 25, 2020

Summary

This study found that hypoechoic, irregular-margined subcentimetre thyroid nodules are significantly associated with malignancy. These ultrasound features may help identify nodules requiring further follow-up for potential cancer.

Keywords:

Thyroid features malignancy subcentimetre ultrasound

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Area of Science:

Radiology
Oncology
Endocrinology

Background:

Subcentimetre thyroid nodules are common, and distinguishing malignant from benign ones is crucial.
Ultrasound features are key in assessing the risk of malignancy in these small nodules.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify specific ultrasound characteristics associated with malignancy in subcentimetre thyroid nodules.
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of high-suspicion ultrasound features defined by the American Thyroid Association.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 454 subcentimetre thyroid nodules (<10 mm) in 413 patients.
Nodules classified using 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines; high-suspicion features evaluated.
Fine needle aspiration cytology used for diagnosis.

Main Results:

Hypoechogenicity, irregular margins, microcalcifications, and taller-than-wide features were significantly associated with malignancy in univariate analysis.
Multivariate analysis identified a combination of hypoechogenicity and irregular margins as significantly linked to malignancy.
The ATA high-suspicion pattern showed 50.0% sensitivity and 84.5% specificity for malignancy.

Conclusions:

The combination of hypoechogenicity and irregular margins is a significant predictor of malignancy in subcentimetre thyroid nodules.
Subcentimetre nodules exhibiting both hypoechogenicity and irregular margins may require closer monitoring or further investigation.