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Comparison between Conventional Decalcification and a Microwave-Assisted Method in Bone Tissue Affected with Mycetoma
1Histopathology and Cytology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Biochemistry Research International
|August 25, 2020
Summary
Comparing decalcification methods for mycetoma bone tissue, the microwave method with 10% EDTA significantly reduced processing time while preserving tissue and fungal morphology for accurate diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Histopathology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease affecting subcutaneous tissues and bones, necessitating accurate histopathological diagnosis.
- Effective bone decalcification is crucial for mycetoma diagnosis, requiring complete calcium removal without compromising tissue or microorganism preservation.
- Current decalcification protocols can be time-consuming and may affect tissue quality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the efficacy of conventional versus microwave-assisted decalcification methods for mycetoma bone samples.
- To evaluate different decalcifying solutions (10% EDTA, 5% nitric acid, 5% hydrochloric acid) for speed and preservation.
- To assess the impact of decalcification on bone and fungal morphology using various staining techniques.
Main Methods:
- Fifty mycetoma-affected bone tissue samples were decalcified using conventional and microwave methods.
- Decalcifying solutions included 10% neutral buffered EDTA (pH 7.4), 5% nitric acid, and 5% hydrochloric acid.
- Tissue morphology and fungal elements were evaluated using Hematoxylin-Eosin, Gridley's, and Grocott's hexamine-silver stains.
Main Results:
- Microwave-assisted decalcification with 10% EDTA reduced time from 120 hours to 29 hours compared to the conventional method.
- Conventional methods with 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% nitric acid took 8 and 3 hours, respectively.
- 10% EDTA demonstrated superior preservation for Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and fungal visualization; nitric and hydrochloric acids were suitable for fungal staining.
Conclusions:
- Microwave-assisted decalcification offers a significant time advantage for mycetoma bone samples.
- 10% EDTA is the preferred decalcifying agent for comprehensive morphological and fungal preservation.
- Optimized decalcification protocols are essential for accurate mycetoma diagnosis and management.
