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How pandemics affect tourism: International evidence.

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Pandemics significantly reduce international tourist arrivals, particularly impacting low-income economies. This study introduces a novel index to analyze pandemic effects on global tourism.

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Area of Science:

  • Economics
  • Tourism Studies
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Global pandemics pose significant threats to international travel and tourism.
  • Understanding the economic impact of health crises on tourism is crucial for policy-making.
  • Existing research lacks a nuanced measure to quantify pandemic influence on tourist flows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between pandemics and tourist arrivals.
  • To introduce and utilize the novel "Discussion about Pandemics Index" (DPI).
  • To identify specific economic conditions under which pandemic effects on tourism are most pronounced.

Main Methods:

  • Econometric analysis of international tourist arrival data.
  • Application of the newly developed "Discussion about Pandemics Index" (DPI).
  • Comparative analysis of pandemic impacts across economies with different income levels.

Main Results:

  • Pandemics were found to have a statistically significant negative effect on tourist arrivals.
  • The negative impact of pandemics on tourism is predominantly observed in low-income economies.
  • High-income economies showed resilience or negligible effects from pandemic-related disruptions.

Conclusions:

  • Pandemics act as a substantial deterrent to international tourism, especially in developing nations.
  • The "Discussion about Pandemics Index" provides a valuable tool for assessing health crisis impacts on travel.
  • Targeted support and policy interventions are necessary for low-income economies to mitigate tourism losses during pandemics.