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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
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Encephalitis associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus: A case report.

Fenne Vandervorst1, Kaat Guldolf1, Ilse Peeters1

  • 1Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.

Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery : Advanced Techniques and Case Management
|August 25, 2020
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Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause encephalitis, a brain inflammation. Diagnosis is challenging as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis may appear normal in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19EncephalitisHydroxychloroquineNeurological complicationsSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, causing COVID-19, is primarily associated with respiratory symptoms.
  • Emerging evidence suggests potential neurological complications, including encephalitis, in some patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of encephalitis in a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of SARS-CoV-2-associated encephalitis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 29-year-old male with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Clinical assessment, nasopharyngeal testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis including PCR for SARS-CoV-2.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with severe respiratory symptoms followed by clinical and radiological signs of encephalitis.
  • Brain MRI revealed left medial temporal cortex FLAIR-hyperintensity and mild gyral expansion.
  • CSF analysis was normal, and SARS-CoV-2 PCR on CSF was negative.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians should consider encephalitis as a potential neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis can be difficult due to potentially normal CSF findings.