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Novel Stem Cells and Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccine Trials Against Viral Outbreak: A Systematic Evaluation During
Chandan Kumar Maurya1, Radhieka Misra2, Praveen Sharma3
1Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, 273008 India.
Abstract:
The current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has influenced health globally. So far, there are no established management options and prophylaxis for those who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and those who develop COVID-19. Documented scientific evidences in similar viral outbreaks in past suggested few therapy regimens. These rather have not shown promising results in management of current pandemic. So, in the current review, we are exploring novel treatment strategies and therapies that are being explored and are in clinical and preclinical stages of research. To explore more about the same, we directed our search towards stem cell based, DNA based, or RNA based vaccines against COVID-19 under development by various universities, institutes or pharmaceutical companies. The current scientific literature and database search were performed by exploring various Trials registry (NIH: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ and https://www.coronavirus.gov) and Chinese clinical trial registry http://www.chictr.org.cn/) and for preclinical trials various University, Institutions, Pharmaceutical companies websites and news bulletins along with google search were checked routinely from 3rd March 2020 to 16 May 2020. The term "Stem Cell therapy and COVID-19", "Mesenchymal stem cell and corona 2019 virus", "DNA Vaccines and COVID-19, RNA Vaccines and COVID-19" and "Cell-based therapy with SARS-CoV-2, University/Institutions and COVID-19 research" were used. The vaccine trials (Stem Cells/DNA/RNA) which were cancelled were not included in this review. Similarly, few others like repurposing of drugs, Nano Vaccines, other miscellaneous trials of Herbs, Music therapy etc., were also excluded. In the present review, we have included the various novel therapies like stem cell therapy, DNA or RNA vaccines which are under development and if proven successful may have a lasting impact on the health industry.
Insights
This review explores novel stem cell, DNA, and RNA therapies for COVID-19. These emerging treatments, including stem cell therapy and advanced vaccines, show promise for future pandemic management.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- The global health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) lacks established treatments and prophylaxis.
- Previous viral outbreak therapies have yielded limited success against the current pandemic.
- There is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review novel treatment strategies and therapies for COVID-19 currently in clinical and preclinical research.
- To identify and analyze the development of stem cell-based, DNA-based, and RNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
- To assess the potential impact of these emerging therapies on the health industry.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a literature and database search of clinical trials from March 3 to May 16, 2020.
- Utilized registries such as NIH, Chinese clinical trial registry, and company websites for preclinical data.
- Focused search terms included "Stem Cell therapy and COVID-19," "DNA Vaccines and COVID-19," and "RNA Vaccines and COVID-19."
Main Results:
- Identified various stem cell therapies, DNA vaccines, and RNA vaccines under development for COVID-19.
- Excluded cancelled trials and therapies like drug repurposing, nano-vaccines, and herbal remedies.
- The review focuses on novel therapies with the potential for significant long-term impact.
Conclusions:
- Stem cell therapy, DNA, and RNA vaccines represent promising novel approaches to managing COVID-19.
- Further research and clinical validation are crucial to determine the efficacy and safety of these emerging treatments.
- Successful development of these therapies could revolutionize future pandemic preparedness and healthcare.
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