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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

COVID-19 and investor behavior.

Regina Ortmann¹, Matthias Pelster¹, Sascha Tobias Wengerek¹

¹Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.

Finance Research Letters

|August 25, 2020

Summary

Retail investors increased trading activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher trading intensity and new accounts opened. This surge was more pronounced in male and older investors, while leverage use decreased after market drops.

Area of Science:

Behavioral finance
Empirical finance
Pandemic economics

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented economic and social disruptions globally.
Understanding retail investor behavior is crucial for financial market stability during crises.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how retail investors altered their trading activities in response to the COVID-19 outbreak.
To identify demographic factors influencing these behavioral changes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of transaction-level trading data.
Econometric modeling to quantify changes in trading intensity and account activity.
Examination of trading patterns across different investor demographics and asset classes.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Pandemic Retail investors Risk-taking Trading behavior

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Main Results:

Significant increase in retail investor trading activity (extensive and intensive margins) during the pandemic.
Average weekly trading intensity rose by 13.9% for every doubling of COVID-19 cases.
Increased brokerage deposits and new account openings observed; trading surge more pronounced in male and older investors.
Stock and index trading were significantly affected; leverage usage decreased following sharp market declines.

Conclusions:

Retail investors exhibited heightened engagement with financial markets during the COVID-19 crisis.
Demographic characteristics played a role in shaping investor responses to the pandemic.
Market volatility and uncertainty led to a reduction in the use of leverage by retail investors.