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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
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Testing Water Quality01:14

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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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Coagulation01:06

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
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To Make the Water Safer.

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This study highlights the critical role of water quality in human health and biodiversity. It proposes research directions for ensuring water safety in the Yellow River basin, aiding global water management efforts.

Keywords:
Drinking water qualityEcological environmentHealth riskWater pollutionWater resources

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Water quality is crucial for human health and ecological balance.
  • Water serves as a primary medium for human exposure to health risks.
  • Water significantly influences ecological system transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the background for a special issue on water quality.
  • To introduce the contents and contributions of published papers.
  • To propose research directions for water safety in the Yellow River basin.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on water quality.
  • Synthesis of findings from multiple studies within the special issue.
  • Identification of key research gaps and future directions.

Main Results:

  • The special issue covers diverse research on water quality.
  • Contributions enhance understanding of water's role in health and ecosystems.
  • Specific research needs for the Yellow River basin were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The special issue serves as a platform for sharing water quality research.
  • Findings support improved water protection and management in the Yellow River basin.
  • The work offers valuable insights for international water safety initiatives.