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Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

2.4K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
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Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
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Lung Barrier Function in COVID-19?

T K Sivabakya1, G Srinivas1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, The Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University, No.69, Annasalai, Guindy, Chennai, 600032 India.

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine
|August 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 severity varies, with some individuals experiencing severe illness. Research suggests increased epithelium permeability in COVID-19 may link to comorbidities and disease severity.

Keywords:
COVID - 19ComorbiditiesEpithelial barrierEpithelial permeabilityImmune responseInflammatory actionsLung functionMortality rate

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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cell Biology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • COVID-19 exhibits variable clinical severity, affecting individuals of all ages.
  • Specific epithelial cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are implicated as targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Understanding factors influencing disease severity is crucial for managing the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of epithelium permeability in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the association between epithelium permeability, comorbidities, and COVID-19 severity.

Main Methods:

  • This article provides an overview of current research and hypotheses.
  • It synthesizes findings related to epithelial cell function and viral infection.

Main Results:

  • Epithelial barrier dysfunction may contribute to increased viral entry and systemic spread.
  • Altered epithelium permeability could be influenced by pre-existing comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Focusing on epithelium permeability offers a novel perspective on COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • Further research into epithelial responses may reveal therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19.