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Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

185
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
185
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

141
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
141
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

99
Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
99
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

975
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
975
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

133
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
133
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

885
Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
885

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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Avoiding harm: Tackling problematic polypharmacy through strengthening expert generalist practice.

Joanne Reeve1

  • 1Academy of Primary Care, Hull York Medical School, UK.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|August 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Problematic polypharmacy, where medications cause harm, is a growing medical challenge. Addressing this requires rethinking clinical care, patient consultations, and research to develop effective practice-based evidence.

Keywords:
generalismmultimorbiditypolypharmacyproblematic polypharmacy

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Problematic polypharmacy is an increasing challenge in healthcare.
  • Medications intended for benefit are contributing to patient harm.
  • Current medical practice models inadvertently drive polypharmacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current strategies for addressing problematic polypharmacy.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and practice-based evidence.
  • To propose a framework for redesigning clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of problematic polypharmacy.
  • Analysis of implications for clinical consultations and decision-making.
  • Examination of health system design and research methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Polypharmacy management requires a principle of compromise in medicine use.
  • Significant work is needed in consulting, system design, and research.
  • Current approaches are insufficient to tackle the complexity of polypharmacy.

Conclusions:

  • Redesigning practice to address polypharmacy is crucial.
  • This redesign can serve as a model for other complex health issues like multimorbidity.
  • Developing practice-based evidence is essential for effective interventions.