Computed Tomography Findings in Vernix Caseosa Peritonitis

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Radiology
• Pathology

Background:

• Vernix caseosa peritonitis (VCP) is a rare peripartum complication.
• It results from fetal vernix entering the maternal peritoneal cavity post-cesarean section.
• VCP is often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and non-specific initial presentation.

Observation:

• Two patients presented with peritonitis symptoms days after cesarean section.
• CT scans revealed ascites and multiple, small, peripherally enhancing cystic peritoneal nodules, particularly around the liver.
• These nodules increased in size and number over time.

Findings:

• Computed tomography (CT) findings are crucial for diagnosing VCP.
• Characteristic CT findings include ascites and multiple, well-defined, peripherally enhancing cystic peritoneal nodules.
• The nodules' location, size, and progression are key diagnostic indicators.

Implications:

• Early and accurate diagnosis of VCP is essential for timely and effective treatment.
• Recognizing specific CT findings can prevent misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.
• Successful treatment involves peritoneal lavage and steroid therapy.