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Related Concept Videos

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

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In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

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In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing
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iStent inject: comprehensive review.

Wesam Shamseldin Shalaby1, Jing Jia, L Jay Katz

  • 1From the Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital (Shalaby, Jia, Katz, Lee), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Tanta Medical School, Tanta University (Shalaby), Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt.

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
|August 26, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microinvasive glaucoma surgeries, like the iStent inject, offer a safe and effective way to lower intraocular pressure. These minimally invasive procedures provide an alternative for managing open-angle glaucoma with reduced complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Glaucoma Treatment

Background:

  • Microinvasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGSs) represent a novel approach to glaucoma management.
  • MIGSs aim to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) with minimal ocular trauma and fewer complications.
  • The first-generation iStent, an ab interno MIGS implant, facilitates aqueous humor drainage into Schlemm canal for open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze publications on the iStent inject, a second-generation MIGS device.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the iStent inject.
  • To compare the iStent inject with the first-generation iStent.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on the iStent inject.
  • Analysis of data focusing on IOP reduction, safety profiles, and complication rates.
  • Comparative assessment against the first-generation iStent.

Main Results:

  • The iStent inject is the smallest available trabecular device, designed for easier surgical technique and dual implantation.
  • Both the iStent inject and the first-generation iStent demonstrate safety and efficacy in managing open-angle glaucoma.
  • Simultaneous implantation of two iStent inject devices aims for enhanced IOP reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Both iStent generations are safe and effective for open-angle glaucoma.
  • The iStent inject offers advancements in surgical technique and potential for greater IOP reduction.
  • MIGS devices provide valuable therapeutic options for glaucoma patients.