[Cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Cardiology
• Immunology

Background:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are revolutionizing cancer treatment, improving survival and quality of life for many patients.
• However, ICIs can induce immune-related adverse events, including potentially fatal cardiovascular complications.
• Cardiotoxicity associated with ICIs is an emerging concern impacting long-term cancer patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the cardiotoxic mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy.
• To describe the clinical manifestations of ICI-induced cardiotoxicity.
• To discuss future research directions for managing and mitigating cardiovascular risks associated with ICIs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on ICI-related cardiotoxicity.
• Analysis of reported cases and mechanistic insights.
• Synthesis of current understanding and identification of knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

• ICIs can trigger a range of cardiovascular events, including myocarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
• Mechanisms involve direct immune attack on cardiac tissues and indirect inflammatory pathways.
• Clinical presentation varies widely, necessitating prompt diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

• ICI-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant clinical challenge requiring multidisciplinary management.
• Further research is needed to elucidate precise mechanisms and develop targeted preventative and therapeutic strategies.
• Understanding and addressing cardiotoxicity is crucial for optimizing long-term cancer patient survival and well-being.