Maternal obesity and its determinants: A neglected issue?

Maternal obesity is a global public health concern that affects every aspect of maternity care. It affects the short-term and long-term health of the mother and her offspring. Obese pregnant mothers are at an increased risk of developing complications during antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal periods. Maternal complications include gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, increased rate of cesarean delivery, pulmonary embolism, and maternal mortality; fetal complications include congenital malformation, stillbirth, and macrosomia. Moreover, both mother and infant are at an increased risk of developing subsequent non-communicable diseases and cardiovascular problems later in life. Several factors are associated with the likelihood of maternal obesity, including sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, knowledge, and perception of health-promoting behavior. Gaining a sound understanding of these factors is vital to reaching the targets of Sustainable Developmental Goal 3-to reduce global maternal mortality and end preventable deaths of children under 5 years of age-by 2030. It is essential to identify pregnant women who are at risk of maternal obesity in order to plan and implement effective and timely interventions for optimal pregnancy outcomes. Importantly, maternal obesity as a significant pregnancy risk factor is largely modifiable.