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Alpha-1-antitrypsin: A possible host protective factor against Covid-19
Mariana Braccialli de Loyola1, Thaís Tereza Aguiar Dos Reis1, Guilherme Xavier Lyra Malcher de Oliveira1
1Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.
Reviews in Medical Virology
|August 27, 2020
Summary
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking key proteases like TMPRSS2 and ADAM17. This review explores A1AT
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology is critical for developing effective treatments.
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) possesses known antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.
- A1AT is a natural tissue protector with potential roles in disease modulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the interplay between A1AT, key proteases (TMPRSS2, ADAM17), and immune molecules in COVID-19.
- To elucidate the role of A1AT in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
- To explore A1AT as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the molecular mechanisms of A1AT.
- Analysis of A1AT's interactions with SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication factors.
- Examination of A1AT's influence on inflammatory pathways relevant to COVID-19.
Main Results:
- A1AT inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking TMPRSS2 and ADAM17.
- A1AT modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting IL-8, TNF-α, and neutrophil elastase.
- A1AT's interaction with ACE2 shedding and renin-angiotensin system balance is highlighted.
- Clinical data suggests A1AT levels correlate with COVID-19 outcomes, potentially linking to air pollution and diabetes.
Conclusions:
- A1AT plays a significant role in mitigating COVID-19 pathophysiology through multiple mechanisms.
- A1AT's inhibitory effects on viral entry and inflammation present therapeutic potential.
- Further investigation into A1AT-based therapies for COVID-19 is warranted.
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