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Celiac Disease in Indian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

N Agarwal1, C Dave1, R Patel1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regency Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Research, Kanpur; and GROW Society, Growth and Obesity Workforce; Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|August 27, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Celiac disease is common in Indian children with type 1 diabetes, with over 16% diagnosed. Many develop the condition within five years of their diabetes diagnosis, highlighting the need for regular screening.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition.
  • Celiac disease (CD) is also an autoimmune disorder often associated with T1D.
  • Early detection and management of CD in T1D patients can prevent complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and time trend of celiac disease in Indian children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
  • To assess the incidence of celiac disease development over time in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case review of 208 children with type 1 diabetes.
  • Analysis of tissue transglutaminase (TTG IgA) levels measured at diagnosis and annually during follow-up.
  • Diagnosis of celiac disease based on established serological criteria.

Main Results:

  • Celiac disease was diagnosed in 35 children (16.8% prevalence).
  • Of these, 3 were diagnosed before T1D diagnosis, 18 at initial screening, and 14 during follow-up.
  • 14 subjects initially negative for TTG IgA developed celiac disease after a mean of 3.9 years, with 85.7% developing it within 5 years.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease is highly prevalent in Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
  • A significant proportion of children with T1D develop celiac disease within five years of their diabetes diagnosis.
  • Regular screening for celiac disease is crucial for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

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