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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

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Protecting Spin Coherence in a Tunable Heisenberg Model.
Emily J Davis1, Avikar Periwal1, Eric S Cooper1
1Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Researchers engineered tunable spin-spin couplings in atoms within an optical cavity, revealing a phase transition and demonstrating spin-exchange interactions that protect collective spin coherence.
Area of Science:
- Quantum optics
- Atomic physics
- Condensed matter physics
Background:
- Ensembles of atoms in optical cavities are crucial for quantum simulations.
- Controlling spin-spin interactions is key to understanding quantum magnetism and collective phenomena.
Purpose of the Study:
- To engineer nonlocal Heisenberg Hamiltonians with tunable anisotropy in atomic ensembles.
- To investigate the resulting phase diagram, including magnetic phase transitions.
- To explore the role of spin-exchange interactions in protecting quantum coherence.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing an ensemble of atoms confined within an optical cavity.
- Engineering nonlocal Heisenberg Hamiltonians with tunable spin-spin coupling anisotropy.
- Observing magnetization dynamics and measuring magnetic susceptibility.
Main Results:
- Achieved continuous tunability of spin-spin coupling anisotropy.
- Observed a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic Ising phase transition with diverging magnetic susceptibility.
- Demonstrated that spin-exchange interactions protect collective spin coherence against dephasing.
Conclusions:
- The engineered atomic system behaves as a single collective spin, exhibiting symmetry between Ising and XY interactions.
- Spin-exchange interactions offer a pathway to enhance the robustness of spin squeezing protocols.
- This work provides a platform for exploring quantum magnetism and robust quantum information processing.
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