Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation01:16

Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation

10.3K
Applying the conservation of energy principle or the work-energy theorem to an incompressible, inviscid fluid in laminar, steady, irrotational flow leads to Bernoulli's equation. It states that the sum of the fluid pressure, potential, and kinetic energy per unit volume is constant along a streamline.
All the terms in the equation have the dimension of energy per unit volume. The kinetic energy per unit volume is called the kinetic energy density, and the potential energy per unit volume is...
10.3K
Bernoulli's Equation00:59

Bernoulli's Equation

14.0K
In the middle of the nineteenth century, it was observed that two trains passing each other at a high relative speed get pulled towards each other. The same occurs when two cars pass each other at a high relative speed. The reason is that the fluid pressure drops in the region where the fluid speeds up. As the air between the trains or the cars increases in speed, its pressure reduces. The pressure on the outer parts of the vehicles is still the atmospheric pressure, while the resultant...
14.0K
Conservation of Energy in Control Volume01:14

Conservation of Energy in Control Volume

1.0K
Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
1.0K
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

735
Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
735
Application of the Energy Equation01:04

Application of the Energy Equation

1.2K
The application of the energy equation to centrifugal pumps is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics and engineering. In this scenario, the energy equation is used to calculate the flow rate of a centrifugal pump responsible for transferring water between two reservoirs at different elevations. The pump applies an energy input of 7500 joules per second, and the vertical difference between the lower and upper reservoirs is 10 meters. Additionally, the head loss due to friction and other...
1.2K
The Carnot Cycle01:30

The Carnot Cycle

3.8K
Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
What could be the theoretical limit to the efficiency of a heat engine? The...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Canonic hemoglobin-oxygen equilibrium: Reassessing the role of cooperativity.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Thermodynamic definition of mean temperature.

Physical review. E·2023
Same author

Advantages of one- and two-photon light in inverse scattering.

Optics letters·2023
Same author

Thermodynamic selection: mechanisms and scenarios.

New journal of physics·2023
Same author

Defining the Work Done on an Electromagnetic Field.

Physical review letters·2019
Same author

Adaptive Heat Engine.

Physical review letters·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators
08:59

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators

Published on: June 13, 2022

2.9K

Work Extraction from Fluid Flow: The Analog of Carnot's Efficiency.

A E Allahverdyan1

  • 1Alikhanyan National Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Alikhanian Brothers Street 2, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.

Physical Review Letters
|August 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study models wind turbine efficiency, revealing a universal bound for extracting work from fluid flow. This limit, analogous to Carnot efficiency, depends on flow conditions and enthalpy contributions.

More Related Videos

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
09:04

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3.4K
A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators
08:59

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators

Published on: June 13, 2022

2.9K
A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
09:04

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3.4K
A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Understanding the physical limits of wind turbine efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy extraction.
  • Existing models often simplify fluid behavior, necessitating a more comprehensive approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for determining the maximum work extractable from a compressible fluid flow.
  • To establish a universal efficiency bound for wind turbines based on fundamental physical principles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing conservation laws for mass, energy, and entropy.
  • Analyzing fluid flow dynamics under various conditions, including quasi-one-dimensional, dissipationless, and sonic velocity regimes.

Main Results:

  • A universal bound for the efficiency of work extraction from kinetic energy was derived.
  • The efficiency bound is achievable under specific flow conditions: slow, weakly forced, quasi-one-dimensional, and dissipationless.
  • Maximum work extraction also requires enthalpy contribution and is reached at sonic output velocities with strong forcing.

Conclusions:

  • The derived efficiency bound provides a fundamental limit for wind turbine performance.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering fluid compressibility and enthalpy in turbine design.
  • This work offers insights into maximizing energy conversion in wind power systems.