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Dual-Array Passive Acoustic Mapping for Cavitation Imaging With Enhanced 2-D Resolution.

Michael D Gray, Delphine Elbes, Catherine Paverd

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
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    Dual-array passive acoustic mapping achieves sub-millimeter cavitation source resolution in both dimensions. This advancement in therapeutic ultrasound monitoring offers improved accuracy for detecting and localizing cavitation activity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Acoustics
    • Ultrasound Technology

    Background:

    • Passive acoustic mapping (PAM) detects and quantifies cavitation during therapeutic ultrasound.
    • Conventional arrays have limited resolution due to aperture constraints, causing significant axial/lateral beamwidth ratios.
    • Existing methods struggle to overcome fundamental physical limitations of single-array systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the performance and limitations of a dual-array system for passive acoustic mapping.
    • To demonstrate improved cavitation source resolution using orthogonally oriented diagnostic arrays.
    • To assess the feasibility of real-time applications through channel count reduction.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiments and simulations were conducted using a dual-array system with 7.5-MHz center frequency conventional arrays.
    • The system was tested at a distance of 7.6 cm to determine source pair resolution.
    • Channel count reductions were systematically applied to evaluate computational acceleration.

    Main Results:

    • Sub-millimeter (better than 1 mm) source pair resolution was achieved in both dimensions of the imaging plane.
    • Channel count reductions up to a factor of eight resulted in negligible performance losses.
    • The system showed modest sensitivity to sound speed and array position uncertainties (ideally <1% and <1 mm).

    Conclusions:

    • The dual-array PAM system offers a significant improvement in cavitation monitoring capabilities.
    • Real-time applications are feasible with channel count reductions, accelerating computations.
    • Maintaining low uncertainties in sound speed and array position is crucial for optimal performance.