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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

978
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
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Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

45.1K
A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

937
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
937
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

1.5K
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter
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Non-membrane solvent extraction desalination (SED) technology using solubility-switchable amine.

Oh Kyung Choi1, Jun Ho Seo2, Gyeong Soo Kim2

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea; Center of Technology for Energy, Environment & Engineering, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|August 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Solvent extraction desalination (SED) using dipropylamine (DPA) offers efficient freshwater recovery from saline water. This method shows high salt removal and lower energy consumption compared to evaporation.

Keywords:
Continuous processDesalinationEnergy consumptionSecondary amineSolvent extraction desalination (SED)Water recovery

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Solvent extraction desalination (SED) is a liquid-liquid separation technique for freshwater recovery.
  • Temperature swing is employed to separate absorbed freshwater from the solvent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the desalination performance of seven amine solvents.
  • To identify the optimal solvent and operating conditions for a continuous SED process.

Main Methods:

  • Batch screening of seven amine solvents to select the best performer.
  • Continuous SED process operation with dipropylamine (DPA).
  • Investigation of desalination performance under varied retention time, mixing intensity, and separation temperature.

Main Results:

  • Dipropylamine (DPA) identified as the most effective solvent in batch screening.
  • Continuous SED with DPA achieved 11.05% water recovery and 95.5% salt removal efficiency.
  • Optimal conditions: 30 min retention time, 600 rpm mixing, and 80 °C separation temperature.

Conclusions:

  • SED using DPA is a viable desalination method with high salt removal efficiency.
  • The process demonstrates significantly lower energy consumption (5.0-6.9 kW h/m³) compared to evaporation.
  • Energy consumption is comparable to membrane-based desalination processes.