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Immune Dysfunction and Multiple Treatment Modalities for the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Races of Uncontrolled Running
Ashish Kothari1, Vanya Singh1, Uttam Kumar Nath2
1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India.
Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic threat with more than 11.8 million confirmed cases and more than 0.5 million deaths as of 3 July 2020. Given the lack of definitive pharmaceutical interventions against SARS-CoV-2, multiple therapeutic strategies and personal protective applications are being used to reduce the risk of high mortality and community spread of this infection. Currently, more than a hundred vaccines and/or alternative therapeutic regimens are in clinical trials, and some of them have shown promising results in improving the immune cell environment and controlling the infection. In this review, we discussed high-performance multi-directory strategies describing the uncontrolled deregulation of the host immune landscape associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and treatment strategies using an anti-neoplastic regimen. We also followed selected current treatment plans and the most important on-going clinical trials and their respective outcomes for blocking SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis through regenerative medicine, such as stem cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptors, natural killer (NK) cells, extracellular vesicular-based therapy, and others including immunomodulatory regimens, anti-neoplastic therapy, and current clinical vaccine therapy.
Insights
This review explores advanced strategies for managing the immune response in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It examines regenerative medicine and immunomodulatory treatments to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and its pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggered a global pandemic with significant mortality.
- Limited pharmaceutical interventions necessitate exploration of diverse therapeutic strategies.
- Understanding the host immune landscape deregulation in COVID-19 is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review high-performance multi-directory strategies for COVID-19 treatment.
- To discuss regenerative medicine approaches and immunomodulatory regimens.
- To analyze ongoing clinical trials for blocking SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current treatment plans and clinical trials.
- Analysis of host immune deregulation in COVID-19.
- Examination of regenerative medicine applications including stem cell therapy, CAR-T, and NK cells.
- Evaluation of immunomodulatory and anti-neoplastic regimens.
Main Results:
- Multiple therapeutic strategies are under investigation to control SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Regenerative medicine offers promising avenues for immune modulation and infection control.
- Ongoing clinical trials show potential for blocking viral pathogenesis through novel therapies.
Conclusions:
- Advanced therapeutic strategies, including regenerative medicine, are vital for combating COVID-19.
- Targeting immune deregulation and exploring novel treatments are key to managing the pandemic.
- Continued research and clinical trials are essential for developing effective interventions against SARS-CoV-2.
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