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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Galectins in Intra- and Extracellular Vesicles.

Sebastian Bänfer1,2, Ralf Jacob1,2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.

Biomolecules
|August 28, 2020
PubMed
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Galectins, proteins that bind carbohydrates, are crucial in cell functions and form diverse vesicles. Further research is needed to understand their molecular roles in these newly discovered vesicular structures.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Carbohydrate-binding galectins are widely expressed in multicellular organisms.
  • Galectins participate in fundamental cellular processes including autophagy, migration, immune response, and signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on galectin interactions with membrane components.
  • To highlight the formation and diverse functions of galectin-mediated vesicles.
  • To emphasize the need for detailed molecular and structural elucidation of galectins in vesicular structures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on galectin functions.
  • Analysis of galectin involvement in vesicle formation and trafficking.
  • Discussion of galectin localization within and on vesicles.

Main Results:

  • Galectin interactions with membrane components lead to the formation of vesicles with varied functions.
  • These vesicles are implicated in intracellular transport, cellular degradation, and intercellular communication.
  • Galectins are found in the lumen and at the membrane of these newly formed vesicular structures.

Conclusions:

  • Galectins play multifaceted roles in the biogenesis and function of diverse cellular vesicles.
  • Understanding galectin contributions at the molecular and structural level is essential.
  • Further investigation is required to fully characterize galectin-mediated vesicular pathways.