Abdominal compartment syndrome: Current concepts and management.
E E Montalvo-Jave1, M Espejel-Deloiza2, J Chernitzky-Camaño3
1Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Clínica de Cirugía Hepato-Pancreato-Biliar, Hospital General de México «Dr. Eduardo Liceaga», Ciudad de México, México; Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital Médica Sur, Ciudad de México, México.
Revista De Gastroenterologia De Mexico (English)
|August 28, 2020
Summary
Abdominal compartment syndrome, characterized by high intra-abdominal pressure and organ failure, requires prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention. Early treatment improves outcomes and prevents severe complications.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Critical Care
- Abdominal Surgery
- Intensive Care Medicine
Background:
- Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined by sustained intra-abdominal pressure >20mmHg, leading to organ dysfunction.
- Its incidence is approximately 2%, with prevalence varying significantly across studies.
- Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent irreversible organ damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of abdominal compartment syndrome.
- To detail concepts, classifications, and management strategies.
- To emphasize prevention of severe complications and optimization of patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases.
- Articles published between 1970 and 2018, in English or Spanish, were included.
- Focus was on concepts, classifications, and management of ACS.
Main Results:
- Intravesical pressure measurement is the gold standard for diagnosis.
- Treatment involves content evacuation, lesion management, improving abdominal wall compliance, and optimizing fluid/perfusion.
- Surgical intervention, often followed by temporary abdominal closure and later reconstruction, is successful in most cases.
Conclusions:
- Abdominal compartment syndrome necessitates timely diagnosis and surgical decompression before significant organ damage occurs.
- Kidney injury progression is a key indicator for considering abdominal decompression.
- Multidisciplinary care is essential for intensive care and reconstructive needs, aiming to optimize patient quality of life.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
564
Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
564
01:28Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care
134
IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
134
01:26Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management
175
Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
175
01:26Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care
150
Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
150
01:26Flail Chest-II
416
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
416
01:21Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management
337
Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
337