Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

639
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
639
Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

4.1K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
4.1K
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

1.3K
There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Apical hypercontractility mitigates impaired diastolic filling and lower intraventricular haemodynamic forces in human bed rest.

Experimental physiology·2026
Same author

Effects of Artificial Gravity on the Vascular System during 60 days of Strict Head-Down Tilt Bedrest.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026
Same author

Genomics of <i>MTAP</i> Loss in >500,000 Solid Tumor Specimens Profiled Using Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Platforms.

JCO precision oncology·2026
Same author

Scalpel and salary: Gender pay disparities in academic medicine, 2013-2023.

American journal of surgery·2026
Same author

Muscle Weakness and the Irisin-BDNF and Oxidative Stress Axis in the 60-Day Pseudorandomised Controlled AGBRESA Bed Rest Study.

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·2026
Same author

The Pan-Tumor Landscape of Gene Amplifications and Copy Number Amplification Ratio for Established and Emerging Clinical Targets.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same journal

Treadmill exercise rescues motor deficits in parkinsonian mice by modulating striatal D2-MSN activity: evidence from calcium imaging and chemogenetics.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Transfer learning for EEG-based BCIs: a comparative evaluation and optimization of data alignment methods.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The volatile anesthetic isoflurane causes global suppression of neuronal activity, disrupting hub neuron function in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Associative emotional memory encoding: insights from network stability analysis of an fMRI-driven bilinear dynamics.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The neurobiological basis of the awe experience in affective disorders: an exploratory EEG study.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Exploring the spiking neural autoencoder: from hyperexcitability to noise-driven compensation.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
12:29

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Published on: May 23, 2011

19.9K

Neural Working Memory Changes During a Spaceflight Analog With Elevated Carbon Dioxide: A Pilot Study.

Ana Paula Salazar1, Kathleen E Hupfeld1, Jessica K Lee2

  • 1Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|August 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Head down tilt bed rest with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) impacts brain activity during spatial memory tasks. Increased frontal, temporal, and parietal activation correlated with better memory performance, while CO2 exposure showed greater decreases in specific brain regions.

Keywords:
carbon dioxidecognitionhead down tilt bed restmicrogravityspatial working memory

More Related Videos

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform
11:08

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Published on: January 13, 2019

12.7K
Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method
09:11

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method

Published on: October 27, 2020

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
12:29

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Published on: May 23, 2011

19.9K
Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform
11:08

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Published on: January 13, 2019

12.7K
Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method
09:11

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method

Published on: October 27, 2020

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Medicine
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Spaceflight poses challenges including microgravity, radiation, isolation, and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • Head down tilt bed rest (HDBR) simulates microgravity effects, aiding research into physiological and cognitive changes.
  • Spatial working memory is crucial for astronaut performance and adaptation to space environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of HDBR combined with elevated CO2 on brain activation during spatial working memory tasks.
  • To compare the neural impact of 30 days of HDBR + CO2 with 70 days of HDBR alone.
  • To elucidate the isolated effect of elevated CO2 on cognitive function in a simulated spaceflight context.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activity in 11 subjects.
  • fMRI scans were conducted before, during, and after a 30-day HDBR + CO2 intervention.
  • Brain activation patterns were compared between the HDBR + CO2 group and a previously studied 70-day HDBR group.

Main Results:

  • Decreased activation was observed in the right middle frontal gyrus and left cerebellum during HDBR + CO2, with subsequent recovery.
  • Greater increases in frontal, temporal, and parietal activation were linked to improved spatial working memory performance.
  • The HDBR + CO2 group exhibited greater decreases in the right hippocampus and left inferior temporal gyrus compared to the HDBR-only group.

Conclusions:

  • HDBR with elevated CO2 alters brain activation patterns associated with spatial working memory.
  • Elevated CO2 appears to have a distinct impact on specific brain regions, notably the hippocampus and temporal lobe.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the neural basis of cognitive changes during simulated and actual spaceflight.