Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Understanding Deception

Understanding Deception

Deception is a pervasive aspect of human communication. Empirical studies have shown that most individuals engage in some form of deceit on a daily basis, with approximately 20% of social exchanges involving deceptive elements. Lying follows a developmental trajectory, peaking during adolescence and declining with age, possibly due to the maturation of cognitive control and social accountability.Cognitive and Social Factors in Deception DetectionDespite its prevalence, accurately detecting...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Online safety challenges in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a scoping review.

Aging & mental health·2026

Same author

Feasibility and acceptability of safer gambling interventions (social norms and goal setting) delivered via text message for those at low-to-moderate risk of gambling harm: a four-arm randomised controlled feasibility study.

BMJ open·2025

Same author

Promoting safer gambling through social norms and goal setting: A qualitative process analysis of participants' experiences in the EROGamb 2.0 feasibility trial.

Internet interventions·2025

Same author

Wellbeing in Addiction Recovery: Does It Differ across Addictions?

International journal of environmental research and public health·2023

Same author

Corrigendum: Utilising online eye-tracking to discern the impacts of cultural backgrounds on fake and real news decision-making.

Frontiers in psychology·2023

Same author

Social norms and goal-setting interventions to promote responsible gambling in low-to-moderate online gamblers: protocol for a four-arm randomised controlled feasibility study.

BMJ open·2023

Same journal

From silenced shock to strategic resilience: a longitudinal qualitative study of nurse residents' trajectory in coping with patient verbal abuse.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same journal

Validation of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) for forest firefighters: implications for human-technology interaction and occupational safety in the future of work.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same journal

Development and validation of the football emotion scale for Chinese youth players: a psychometric study.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same journal

From online engagement to offline action: how social media environmental engagement shapes university students' pro-environmental citizenship through intrinsic motivation and personal norms.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same journal

The multidimensional inventory of religious/spiritual wellbeing in Hungarian language: psychometric properties and initial validation.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same journal

Effects of occupational factors on depression in Chinese veterans: a fsQCA study based on 2022 CFPS data.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Understanding Phishing Email Processing and Perceived Trustworthiness Through Eye Tracking.

John McAlaney¹, Peter J Hills¹

¹Faculty of Science & Technology, Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Psychology

|August 28, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study used eye tracking to analyze how people process phishing emails. While participants noticed phishing cues like misspellings and threats, they spent less time viewing them, rating emails with these indicators as less trustworthy.

Keywords:

cybersecurity email eye tracking phishing social engineering

More Related Videos

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Cybersecurity
Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Phishing emails pose significant cybersecurity risks.
Limited research exists on how specific phishing indicators influence user perception and processing.
Eye tracking offers a novel method to study visual processing of malicious emails.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how common phishing email indicators (misspellings, urgency, threats) affect user processing and trustworthiness judgments.
To explore the utility of eye tracking technology in analyzing visual attention to phishing cues.
To understand the relationship between visual processing of phishing indicators and perceived email trustworthiness.

Main Methods:

An exploratory study involving 22 participants viewing emails with and without phishing indicators.
Eye movements were recorded using SMI RED 500 eye-tracker technology.
Participants provided numerical trustworthiness ratings for each email.

Main Results:

Participants fixated more frequently on phishing indicators but spent less time viewing them than expected by chance.
Emails with phishing indicators were rated as less trustworthy, with misspellings and threatening language yielding the lowest ratings.
Threatening language and urgency cues were viewed before misspellings, but no significant interaction was found between viewing time and trustworthiness ratings.

Conclusions:

A complex relationship exists between the presence of phishing indicators and perceived email trustworthiness.
Eye tracking is a viable method for studying the visual processing of phishing emails.
Findings can inform the development of future phishing mitigation strategies.