Clonal heterogeneity, experimental metastatic ability, and p21 expression in H-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells

We examined individual clones of murine NIH 3T3 cells, transformed with the human bladder cancer (T24) H-ras oncogene, for p21 expression and for experimental metastatic ability in the immunodeficient chick embryo. We found that the clones were heterogeneous for both of these properties. In general, p21 expression was a good predictor of metastatic ability of the clones. Cells from poorly metastatic clones were passaged in the chick embryo metastasis assay to determine whether cells with increased metastatic ability could be selected. We found that the selected cells were more metastatic and that substantial increases in expression of p21 also accompanied this increase in metastatic ability. The relationship between p21 expression and metastatic ability appeared linear, with a high correlation coefficient (r = .85), suggesting that in this model system quantitative increases in metastatic properties can result from increased expression of the ras oncogene protein product p21.