Updated classification and therapy of vascular malformations in pediatric patients

Vascular malformations (VMs) comprise a diverse group of diagnoses. They are classified by the type of vessel involved, including capillaries, veins, arteries, lymphatic vessels, or combinations of these. Complex VMs, although benign, can impair vital structures, cause deformations, or even threaten the child's life. Although multimodal treatment of VMs in children with disease include a wide variety of options such as observation, laser therapy, sclerotherapy, surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, and medical therapy, the management of VMs necessitates a multifocal and multidisciplinary method with the patient's quality of life as the priority.