Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

396
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
396
Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption01:19

Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption

5.6K
The process of oral drug absorption can be influenced by several factors. Weakly acidic drugs tend to be absorbed more readily from the stomach due to their nonionized state. However, absorption may be less efficient in the upper intestine, where drugs are often ionized. Interestingly, despite the stomach's apparent advantage for drug absorption, its mucous layer can hinder diffusion. Its surface area is also smaller than the intestine's, which can further slow down the absorption rate.
5.6K
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters01:23

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters

470
Drug absorption involves the movement of drugs from the point of administration into the systemic circulation. Initially, Gastrointestinal (GI) motility propels the drug through the digestive tract and into the stomach. However, the stomach's high acidity and limited surface area restrict its role in drug absorption for most drugs. The drug then moves from the stomach to the small intestine via gastric emptying, which can be slowed by various factors, including interactions with other...
470
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

1.2K
Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
1.2K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

2.7K
Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
2.7K
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

707
The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
707

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electrophilic monocarbonyl curcumin derivatives reveal differential vulnerabilities in the selenium metabolic network.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same author

Challenges and Countermeasures in Measuring Molecular Species of Characteristic Ingredients in Rice Bran Oil: Toward the Development of High-Quality Rice Bran Oil.

Journal of oleo science·2026
Same author

Camsap3-mediated microtubules maintain transzonal projections essential for soma-germ communication during ovarian follicle maturation in mice.

iScience·2026
Same author

Basophils in the regulation of allergies and inflammatory disorders.

Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology·2026
Same author

Raman Spectroscopy-Based Quantitative Analysis of Fatty Acid Compositions of Lipid Droplets in Live Cells.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Arsenite sensitizes to ferroptosis by disrupting selenium metabolism and reducing GPx4 expression.

Toxicology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
10:20

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids

Published on: November 18, 2022

3.1K

Structural changes of ethanolamine plasmalogen during intestinal absorption.

Takumi Takahashi1, Reina Kamiyoshihara1, Yurika Otoki1,2

  • 1Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan. kiyotaka.nakagawa.c1@tohoku.ac.jp.

Food & Function
|August 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Plasmalogen (Pls) absorption involves structural changes in the intestine. This study reveals specific Pls molecular species are altered during absorption, crucial for understanding their brain health benefits.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake
04:40

Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake

Published on: October 4, 2024

2.4K
An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
10:20

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids

Published on: November 18, 2022

3.1K
Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake
04:40

Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake

Published on: October 4, 2024

2.4K
An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Plasmalogens (Pls) are important lipids linked to preventing brain diseases.
  • Previous hypotheses suggested structural modifications of Pls during absorption, including fatty acid re-esterification and base conversion.
  • Understanding Pls structural changes during absorption is vital for elucidating their in vivo physiological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the absorption mechanism of plasmalogens (Pls), focusing on molecular species.
  • To elucidate structural changes of Pls during intestinal absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Lymph-cannulation method in vivo.
  • Everted jejunal sac model ex vivo.
  • Analysis of specific plasmalogen molecular species.

Main Results:

  • Lymph analysis revealed significant presence of specific ethanolamine Pls (PE-Pls) and choline Pls (PC-Pls) molecular species (18:0/20:4), even when minor in the initial emulsion.
  • The everted jejunal sac model confirmed an increase in these PE-Pls and PC-Pls species within the intestinal mucosa.
  • These findings strongly suggest structural alterations of PE-Pls occur in the intestinal mucosa during absorption.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmalogen absorption involves significant structural modifications within the intestinal mucosa.
  • The study provides evidence for specific molecular species of PE-Pls and PC-Pls being formed or altered during intestinal uptake.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the link between plasmalogen intestinal absorption and their physiological effects, particularly for brain health.