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[Nocardia cyriacigeorgica infection in AIDS patient]

Catalina Gutiérrez1, Alejandra Céspedes2, Paulette Legarraga3

  • 1Unidad de Infectología adultos, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile.

Revista Chilena De Infectologia : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Chilena De Infectologia
|August 28, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Pulmonary nocardiosis, a rare infection in immunocompromised individuals, was diagnosed in an AIDS patient. This case highlights Nocardia cyriacigeorgica as an emerging pathogen, with no prior reported cases in Chile.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals.
  • Pulmonary involvement is the most common presentation of nocardiosis.
  • Nocardia species are ubiquitous environmental bacteria, transmitted via inhalation or direct inoculation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in an immunocompromised patient in Chile.
  • To highlight Nocardia cyriacigeorgica as an emerging pathogen in this geographical region.
  • To underscore the importance of considering nocardiosis in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment of the patient.
  • Literature review on Nocardia species, particularly Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, and their clinical significance.

Main Results:

  • A case of pulmonary nocardiosis is described in a patient with AIDS.
  • The causative agent was identified as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, a species not previously reported in Chile.
  • The patient's clinical presentation and diagnostic workup are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Nocardia cyriacigeorgica represents an emerging infectious agent in Chile.
  • Pulmonary nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lung infections in immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial for managing nocardiosis.

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