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Muscles for Facial Expressions

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

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Square Face Correction by Gonial Angle and Masseter Reduction.

S M Balaji¹, Preetha Balaji¹

¹Director and Consultant, Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Balaji Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery

|August 29, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals significant differences in facial height and gonial angle in Indian patients with bilateral masseteric hypertrophy (MH). Understanding these relationships aids in planning surgical treatment for MH.

Keywords:

Deep bite genioplasty gonial angle massetric hypertrophy square face

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Area of Science:

Craniofacial anatomy
Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Anthropometry

Background:

Bilateral masseteric hypertrophy (MH) association with facial height and jaw relationship is under-described in the Indian population.
This study aims to detail gonial angle and facial height parameters in Indian patients with MH.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between gonial angle and facial height parameters in Indian patients with bilateral masseteric hypertrophy.
To assess the influence of these parameters on surgical treatment planning.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 21 surgically treated bilateral MH cases over 10 years.
Collected data included facial heights, ramus height, gonial angle, bite type, and surgical procedures.
Statistical analysis performed using SPSS with significance at P ≤ 0.05.

Main Results:

Gender significantly influenced facial height and gonial angle, with males exhibiting higher values.
Obtuse gonial angles were observed in normal bites compared to deep bites (P=0.036).
Acute or square gonial angles correlated with a higher need for additional surgical procedures (P=0.048).

Conclusions:

Presents novel data on gonial angle and facial height in Indian patients with bilateral MH.
Highlights the importance of these parameters in tailoring surgical interventions for MH in this demographic.