Foot and ankle measurements on cone beam weightbearing computed tomography

Over the last years, an increased number of studies have reported the use of cone beam weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) in the assessment of foot and ankle pathology. This new technology has enabled to overcome the limits inherently related to two-dimensional radiographs (superimposition bias, operator-related bias, rotation bias) and to obtain images reproducing the bones and joints anatomy during physiological standing with a low radiation dose. We performed a review of the current literature to summarize the evidence about the use of 2D or 3D measurements on WBCT images in various foot and ankle conditions. Our aims were to describe measurements proposed so far and to report data on reliability and validity from primary authors.