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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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Seven versus Ten Days Antibiotics Course for Acute Pyogenic Meningitis in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

N D Vaswani1, Nishu Gupta2, Ravi Yadav1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|August 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A shorter, 7-day antibiotic course is as effective as a 10-day course for treating acute pyogenic meningitis in children with rapid initial recovery, showing similar treatment failure rates and long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
Acute pyogenic meningitisEffectivenessSafetyShort course antibiotic therapyTreatment failure

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Acute pyogenic meningitis is a serious infection in children.
  • Empirical antibiotic therapy duration is a key treatment consideration.
  • Optimizing antibiotic courses can improve patient outcomes and reduce resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of 7-day versus 10-day empirical antibiotic therapy for acute pyogenic meningitis in children.
  • To evaluate treatment failure, relapse rates, and long-term sequelae in pediatric meningitis patients.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized trial involving 96 children (3 months to 14 years) with acute pyogenic meningitis.
  • Patients received either 7 or 10 days of antibiotic therapy.
  • Outcomes included treatment failure, relapse within 2 weeks of discharge, and sequelae at 30 and 90 days.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant difference in treatment failure or relapse rates between the 7-day (7/48) and 10-day (6/48) groups.
  • No significant differences in hearing impairment, hydrocephalus, or neurological sequelae between groups at follow-up.
  • Four cases of nosocomial sepsis occurred, with two in each treatment group.

Conclusions:

  • A 7-day empirical antibiotic therapy course is as effective and safe as a 10-day course for children with acute pyogenic meningitis and rapid initial recovery.
  • Short-course antibiotic therapy may be sufficient for treating non-neonatal acute pyogenic meningitis in select pediatric populations.