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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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Significance and Sensor Utility of Phase in Quantum Localization Transition.

Kunal K Das1

  • 1Department of Physical Sciences, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, Pennsylvania 19530, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Harper-Hofstadter model

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics

Background:

  • The Harper-Hofstadter model describes electron behavior in a magnetic field on a lattice.
  • Understanding localization phenomena is crucial for quantum device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the periodic dependence of localization in the Harper-Hofstadter model on phase degrees of freedom.
  • To explore a novel sensing principle based on localization for rotation and magnetic fields.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Harper-Hofstadter model with specific boundary conditions.
  • Theoretical investigation of localization properties in a finite ring-shaped lattice.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated striking periodic dependence of localization on phase degrees of freedom.

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  • Showcased phase dependence reminiscent of the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
  • Identified potential for precision sensing of rotation and magnetic fields.

    • Conclusions:

    • The phase dependence of localization offers a new sensing mechanism.
    • This localization-based sensing principle contrasts with traditional interferometry.