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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Air bubbles rise faster in particle suspensions than in clear liquids, defying expectations. This surprising bubble dynamics is due to reduced energy dissipation caused by particle migration in suspensions.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Rheology of complex fluids
  • Suspension mechanics

Background:

  • Hele-Shaw cells are used to study fluid flow in confined geometries.
  • Bubble dynamics in viscous fluids are well-studied, but particle suspensions introduce complexities.
  • Effective viscosity of particle suspensions can match that of particle-less fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anomalous rising speed of air bubbles in particle suspensions.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms causing faster bubble rise in suspensions.
  • To compare experimental findings with theoretical models.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of air bubble rising speed in a Hele-Shaw cell with spherical particle suspensions.
  • Varying particle volume fraction to observe its effect on bubble dynamics.
  • Velocity field imaging to analyze fluid flow patterns.
  • Comparison with computations based on the Suspension Balance Model (SBM).

Main Results:

  • Air bubbles exhibited a faster rising speed in particle suspensions compared to particle-less liquids of equal effective viscosity.
  • This increased speed correlated with a reduction in the bulk dissipation rate.
  • Experimental data showed good agreement with the Suspension Balance Model.
  • Shear-induced particle migration led to non-uniform particle distribution perpendicular to channel walls.

Conclusions:

  • The faster bubble rise in suspensions is an anomalous phenomenon linked to reduced energy dissipation.
  • Shear-induced particle migration and the resulting non-uniform particle distribution are key mechanisms.
  • The Suspension Balance Model effectively captures the observed bubble dynamics in these complex fluids.