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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs
Published on: May 21, 2019
CE: Trauma-Related Hemorrhagic Shock: A Clinical Review
Nicole W Caldwell1, Mithun Suresh, Tricia Garcia-Choudary
1Nicole W. Caldwell and Tricia Garcia-Choudary are research nurses, Mithun Suresh is a research physician with the Geneva Foundation, and Christopher A. VanFosson is department chief, all at the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX. Contact author: Nicole W. Caldwell, nicole.w.caldwell.civ@mail.mil. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.
Abstract:
Optimal management of trauma-related hemorrhagic shock begins at the point of injury and continues throughout all hospital settings. Several procedures developed on the battlefield to treat this condition have been adopted by civilian health care systems and are now used in a number of nonmilitary hospitals. Despite the important role nurses play in caring for patients with trauma-related hemorrhagic shock, much of the literature on this condition is directed toward paramedics and physicians. This article discusses the general principles underlying the pathophysiology and clinical management of trauma-related hemorrhagic shock and updates readers on nursing practices used in its management.
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