Factors affecting pregnancy rates and pregnancy losses after embryo transfer in dromedary camels

The present study was conducted to estimate incidence of late embryonic and early fetal mortalities (LEM/EFM) after embryo transfer (ET) and to investigate factors that could affect proportions of LEM/EFM in dromedary camels. The uteri of 180 donors were flushed at Day 9 post-mating and 1309 ETs were conducted in 886 recipient females in two breeding seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted at Day 10 after ET (Day 19 of gestation) by using the progesterone-ELISA test and by transrectal ultrasonography at Day 60 of gestation. Pregnancy rates at Days 19 and 60 and proportions of LEM/EFM were 54.5%, 34.1%, and 37.5%, respectively. Using logistic regression analysis for evaluations, shape of embryos had an effect (P < 0.01) on pregnancy rates at Days 19 and 60. Also, number of recovered embryos per uterine flushing and breeding season (year) had an effect (P < 0.05) on pregnancy rates at Day 19 and 60, respectively. Regarding rate of LEM and EFM, size of embryos and year of ET had effects (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) on the values for these variables. In conclusion, there is a marked occurrence of LEM/EFM in recipient females between Days 20 and 60 of gestation in dromedary camels. The pregnancy rate after ET might be affected by the shape and number of recovered embryos and the year. In addition, the rate of LEM/EFM after ET might be affected by the year and size of the embryos.