Invasive versus non-invasive management of older patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Amit Kaura1, Jonathan A C Sterne2, Adam Trickey3
1National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Insights
For elderly patients (80+) with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), invasive management within 3 days of peak troponin levels significantly reduces 5-year mortality and hospital admissions for heart failure compared to non-invasive strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Geriatric Medicine
- Clinical Trials
Background:
- Previous studies on non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) management excluded very elderly patients.
- The long-term mortality risk associated with invasive vs. non-invasive management in NSTEMI is not well-established for individuals aged 80 and above.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of invasive versus non-invasive management strategies on survival in patients aged 80 years or older diagnosed with NSTEMI.
- To compare the incidence of hospital admissions for heart failure between invasive and non-invasive management groups in this elderly population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of routine clinical data from five UK hospitals (2010-2017).
- Inclusion criteria: patients aged 80+ with NSTEMI.
- Propensity score matching was used to mitigate bias between invasive and non-invasive management groups.
Main Results:
- The study included 1500 NSTEMI patients aged 80+, with a median follow-up of 3.0 years.
- Adjusted 5-year mortality was significantly lower in the invasive management group (36%) compared to the non-invasive group (55%) (aHR 0.68).
- Invasive management was also associated with a reduced rate of heart failure hospital admissions (aRR 0.67).
Conclusions:
- The survival benefit observed with invasive management for NSTEMI appears to extend to very elderly patients (80 years and older).
- Invasive management is associated with improved long-term outcomes, including reduced mortality and heart failure hospitalizations, in elderly NSTEMI patients.
Background:
Previous trials suggest lower long-term risk of mortality after invasive rather than non-invasive management of patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), but the trials excluded very elderly patients. We aimed to estimate the effect of invasive versus non-invasive management within 3 days of peak troponin concentration on the survival of patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI.
Methods:
Routine clinical data for this study were obtained from five collaborating hospitals hosting NIHR Biomedical Research Centres in the UK (all tertiary centres with emergency departments). Eligible patients were 80 years old or older when they underwent troponin measurements and were diagnosed with NSTEMI between 2010 (2008 for University College Hospital) and 2017. Propensity scores (patients' estimated probability of receiving invasive management) based on pretreatment variables were derived using logistic regression; patients with high probabilities of non-invasive or invasive management were excluded. Patients who died within 3 days of peak troponin concentration without receiving invasive management were assigned to the invasive or non-invasive management groups based on their propensity scores, to mitigate immortal time bias. We estimated mortality hazard ratios comparing invasive with non-invasive management, and compared the rate of hospital admissions for heart failure.
Findings:
Of the 1976 patients with NSTEMI, 101 died within 3 days of their peak troponin concentration and 375 were excluded because of extreme propensity scores. The remaining 1500 patients had a median age of 86 (IQR 82-89) years of whom (845 [56%] received non-invasive management. During median follow-up of 3·0 (IQR 1·2-4·8) years, 613 (41%) patients died. The adjusted cumulative 5-year mortality was 36% in the invasive management group and 55% in the non-invasive management group (adjusted hazard ratio 0·68, 95% CI 0·55-0·84). Invasive management was associated with lower incidence of hospital admissions for heart failure (adjusted rate ratio compared with non-invasive management 0·67, 95% CI 0·48-0·93).
Interpretation:
The survival advantage of invasive compared with non-invasive management appears to extend to patients with NSTEMI who are aged 80 years or older.
Funding:
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, as part of the NIHR Health Informatics Collaborative.
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