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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

Gastric Phase of Digestion

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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care

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Surgical management and nursing care are crucial in treating Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Here is an organized and enhanced overview of the surgical interventions and the associated nursing care for PUD:
Surgical Interventions for Peptic Ulcer Disease
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer
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Gastric cancer.

Elizabeth C Smyth1, Magnus Nilsson2, Heike I Grabsch3

  • 1Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Hill's Road, Cambridge, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer death, is diagnosed via biopsy and staged with imaging. Treatment ranges from endoscopic resection for early stages to surgery and chemotherapy for advanced disease.

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Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
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Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gastric cancer is a significant global health concern, ranking as the fifth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer mortality.
  • Key risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, advanced age, high salt intake, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of gastric cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment strategies.
  • To highlight the heterogeneity of gastric cancer and current therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on histological confirmation via endoscopic biopsy.
  • Staging involves imaging techniques such as CT, endoscopic ultrasound, PET, and laparoscopy.
  • Treatment strategies are stratified by cancer stage, including endoscopic resection, surgery with D2 lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Early gastric cancer is primarily treated with endoscopic resection.
  • Surgical intervention for non-early operable gastric cancer necessitates D2 lymphadenectomy.
  • Perioperative or adjuvant chemotherapy enhances survival for stage 1B or higher cancers.
  • Advanced gastric cancer treatment involves sequential chemotherapy lines, with median survival under one year.
  • Targeted therapies like trastuzumab, ramucirumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab are approved for specific gastric cancer subtypes and lines of therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Gastric cancer management requires a multi-modal approach tailored to disease stage and molecular characteristics.
  • Advances in chemotherapy and targeted therapy offer improved outcomes for advanced gastric cancer, though challenges remain.
  • Understanding gastric cancer heterogeneity is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient survival.