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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Gall Bladder Dissection in Nine-Day-Old Mouse Neonates

Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Gall Bladder Dissection in Nine-Day-Old Mouse Neonates

Published on: August 23, 2022

Biliary atresia: Potential for a new decade.

Federico Scottoni¹, Mark Davenport¹

¹Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery

|August 31, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Biliary atresia, a bile duct disease, requires early surgery for best outcomes. While treatments improve, further research is needed for better therapies and diagnosis.

Keywords:

Adjuvant therapy Biliary atresia Kasai portoenterostomy Surgical outcome

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Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Hepatology
Neonatal Medicine

Background:

Biliary atresia is an obliterative cholangiopathy affecting both extra- and intra-hepatic bile ducts.
It presents with significant etiological heterogeneity, including syndromic and potentially viral forms.
Current research struggles to define precise mechanisms and pathogenesis, with limited breakthroughs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understanding and management of biliary atresia.
To highlight challenges in surgical advancements and adjuvant therapies.
To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on biliary atresia pathogenesis, surgical techniques, and adjuvant therapies.
Analysis of outcomes associated with Kasai portoenterostomy and transplantation.
Discussion of diagnostic challenges and screening initiatives.

Main Results:

Surgical advances beyond Kasai portoenterostomy variations are limited; laparoscopic approaches lack proven advantages.
Adjuvant therapies like steroids and ursodeoxycholic acid have limited evidence bases, despite widespread use.
Successful jaundice clearance post-portoenterostomy (<70 days) is achievable in 50-60% of infants.
Liver transplantation serves as a rescue therapy, with its role as a primary procedure under debate.
Early surgical intervention is crucial but often difficult to achieve; stool color chart screening has limited reach.

Conclusions:

Early diagnosis and timely Kasai portoenterostomy remain critical for managing biliary atresia.
Further research is needed to elucidate pathogenesis and develop effective adjuvant therapies.
Centralization of resources can reduce surgical delay but faces implementation barriers.