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Development and validation of the hypersomnia-specific beliefs scale
Megumi Hazumi1, Wakako Ito2, Ryo Okubo3
1Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Seiwa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Sleep Medicine
|August 31, 2020
Summary
A new Hypersomnia-Specific Beliefs (HSB) scale effectively measures psychological distress in Narcolepsy type 1 and Idiopathic Hypersomnia patients. This validated tool aids in understanding and treating hypersomnia-related beliefs.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Sleep Medicine
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Central hypersomnia, including Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IHS), significantly impacts patients' psychological well-being.
- Patients often experience frustration due to their condition, necessitating targeted assessment tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the first scale measuring hypersomnia-specific beliefs (HSB) in patients with NT1 and IHS.
- To assess the scale's psychometric properties, including validity, reliability, and discriminatory ability.
Main Methods:
- The Hypersomnia-Specific Beliefs (HSB) scale was developed using interviews with 11 NT1 and IHS patients.
- Cross-sectional validation involved 166 NT1 and IHS patients and 375 controls, assessing HSB, PHQ-2, mini-SPIN, and ESS.
- Statistical analyses included factor analysis, reliability testing (Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Main Results:
- The 12-item, 3-factor HSB scale demonstrated good model fit and high reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.90).
- The scale showed good discrimination ability (AUC = 0.88) with a cut-off score of 38 yielding 90% sensitivity and 75% specificity.
- HSB scores were independently associated with depression (PHQ-2), social anxiety (mini-SPIN), and sleepiness (ESS).
Conclusions:
- The HSB scale is a valid, reliable, and discriminative instrument for assessing beliefs in NT1 and IHS patients.
- The scale captures negative beliefs unique to NT1 and IHS, offering potential for developing new psychotherapeutic interventions.
- This tool can enhance clinical understanding and treatment strategies for individuals with central hypersomnia.
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