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Down-regulation and Clinical Implication of Galectin-9 Levels in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Chronic

Jian-Hua Xie1, Rui-Rui Zhu1, Li Zhao2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.

Current Medical Science
|August 31, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) levels are decreased in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Gal-9 levels correlate with kidney function, inflammation, and diabetes, suggesting a role in these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Cardiovascular Research
  • Renal Physiology and Disease Biomarkers

Background:

  • Galectin-9 (Gal-9) modulates T-cell balance in autoimmune diseases.
  • The role of Gal-9 in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Gal-9 levels in patients with ACS and CKD.
  • To investigate the clinical implications and correlations of Gal-9 levels in this patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum Gal-9.
  • Real-time RT-PCR for Gal-9, Tim-3, and Foxp3 mRNA expression in PBMCs.
  • Flow cytometry for Gal-9 expression on and in PBMCs.
  • Correlation analysis with anthropometric and biochemical variables.

Main Results:

  • Gal-9 levels were lowest in ACS patients, followed by ACS+CKD patients, and highest in the normal coronary artery (NCA) group.
  • Serum Gal-9 increased with advancing chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages (GFR G1-G4).
  • Serum Gal-9 negatively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and lipoprotein(a); positively with creatinine, age, osmotic pressure, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
  • Gal-9 was independently associated with hs-CRP, osmotic pressure, and lipoprotein(a).
  • Elevated serum Gal-9 was observed in ACS patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Conclusions:

  • Gal-9 levels are decreased in patients with ACS and ACS plus CKD.
  • Serum Gal-9 levels are influenced by hs-CRP, eGFR, osmotic pressure, and T2DM.
  • These findings suggest Gal-9's potential role in the pathophysiology of ACS and CKD.

Keywords:
Galectin-9acute coronary syndromechronic kidney diseaseinflammation

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