Dendritic cell-derived exosome-entrapped fluorouracil can enhance its anti-colon cancer effect

To explore the effectiveness of fluorouracil (FU) entrapped in dendritic cell (DC)-secreted exosomes (DC-Exos) for enhancing its anti-colon cancer effect.

DC-Exos were extracted through ultrahigh-speed centrifugation, and the FU-DC-Exos system was constructed using electroporation. Moreover, the influence of FU-DC-Exos on the viability of mouse colon cancer CT26 cells was determined in vitro using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and pharmacodynamic evaluation was performed in vivo through TUNEL and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, with the CT26 tumor-bearing mouse model as the study object.

Compared with the control group, FU and DC-Exos groups exhibited a lowered proliferation rate of mouse CT26 colon cancer cells, whereas the apoptosis rate of cells in FU-DC-Exos group differed significantly from FU group. According to the wound healing assay, the migration rate of CT26 cells was reduced in FU and DC-Exos groups, and it was evidently different between FU-DC-Exos group and FU group. Moreover, in vivo experiments revealed that DC-Exos alone exhibited a trend of suppressing tumor growth, and that DC-Exos as carriers not only killed tumor cells alone, but also enhanced the anti-colon cancer effect of FU after entrapment.

Exos extracted via ultrahigh-speed centrifugation can be used for the preparation of the drug delivery system of FU-DC-Exos via electroporation, and drug-loaded Exos are able to effectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce their apoptosis, exerting an anti-tumor effect.